Topic # 1 in Review Book
Do Questions for Regents Practice Part B and Part C
Tuesday, October 6, 2009
Friday, September 25, 2009
Homework # 9, Due 9/29/09
Draw the plant or animal cell.
Label each of the organelles.
Write a brief explanation of the role that each organelle plays in the cell.
Label each of the organelles.
Write a brief explanation of the role that each organelle plays in the cell.
Thursday, September 24, 2009
Hoework # 8, Due 9/25/09
1- The equation below represents a summary of a biological process.
carbon dioxide + water changes to glucose + water + oxygen
This process is completed in
(1) mitochondria (3) cell membranes
(2) ribosomes (4) chloroplasts
2 The flow of energy through an ecosystem involves many energy transfers. The diagram below summarizes the transfer of energy that
eventually powers muscle activity.
un changes to Food changes to ATP changes to Muscle Activity
A B C
The process of cellular respiration is represented by
(1) arrow A, only (3) arrow C, only
(2) arrow B, only (4) arrows A, B, and C
3In an ecosystem, which component is not recycled?
(1) water (3) oxygen
(2) energy (4) carbon
1 A student observes that an organism is green. A valid conclusion that can be drawn from this observation is that
(1) the organism must be a plant
(2) the organism cannot be single celled
(3) the organism must be an animal
(4) not enough information is given to determine whether the organism is a plant or an animal
4 Studies of fat cells and thyroid cells show that fat cells have fewer mitochondria than thyroid cells. A biologist would most likely infer that fat tissue
(1) does not require energy
(2) has energy requirements equal to those of thyroid tissue
(3) requires less energy than thyroid tissue
(4) requires more energy than thyroid tissue
5 Living organisms must be able to obtain materials,change the materials into new forms, remove poisons, and move needed material from one place to another. Many of these activities directly require
(1) energy released from ATP
(2) carbohydrates formed from receptor molecules
(3) the synthesis of DNA
(4) the breakdown of energy-rich inorganic molecules
6 Which process is directly used by autotrophs to store energy in glucose?
(1) diffusion (3) respiration
(2) photosynthesis (4) active transport
7 Fruit flies with the curly-wing trait will develop straight wings if kept at a temperature of 16°C during development and curly wings if kept at 25°C. The best explanation for this change in the shape of wings is that the
(1) genes for curly wings and genes for straight
wings are found on different chromosomes
(2) type of genes present in the fruit fly is
dependent on environmental temperature
(3) environment affects the expression of the
genes for this trait
(4) higher temperature produces a gene mutation
8 Some mammals have genes for fur color that produce pigment only when the outside temperature is above a certain level. This pigment production is an example of how the environment of an organism can
(1) destroy certain genes
(2) cause new mutations to occur
(3) stop the process of evolution
(4) influence the expression of certain genes
carbon dioxide + water changes to glucose + water + oxygen
This process is completed in
(1) mitochondria (3) cell membranes
(2) ribosomes (4) chloroplasts
2 The flow of energy through an ecosystem involves many energy transfers. The diagram below summarizes the transfer of energy that
eventually powers muscle activity.
un changes to Food changes to ATP changes to Muscle Activity
A B C
The process of cellular respiration is represented by
(1) arrow A, only (3) arrow C, only
(2) arrow B, only (4) arrows A, B, and C
3In an ecosystem, which component is not recycled?
(1) water (3) oxygen
(2) energy (4) carbon
1 A student observes that an organism is green. A valid conclusion that can be drawn from this observation is that
(1) the organism must be a plant
(2) the organism cannot be single celled
(3) the organism must be an animal
(4) not enough information is given to determine whether the organism is a plant or an animal
4 Studies of fat cells and thyroid cells show that fat cells have fewer mitochondria than thyroid cells. A biologist would most likely infer that fat tissue
(1) does not require energy
(2) has energy requirements equal to those of thyroid tissue
(3) requires less energy than thyroid tissue
(4) requires more energy than thyroid tissue
5 Living organisms must be able to obtain materials,change the materials into new forms, remove poisons, and move needed material from one place to another. Many of these activities directly require
(1) energy released from ATP
(2) carbohydrates formed from receptor molecules
(3) the synthesis of DNA
(4) the breakdown of energy-rich inorganic molecules
6 Which process is directly used by autotrophs to store energy in glucose?
(1) diffusion (3) respiration
(2) photosynthesis (4) active transport
7 Fruit flies with the curly-wing trait will develop straight wings if kept at a temperature of 16°C during development and curly wings if kept at 25°C. The best explanation for this change in the shape of wings is that the
(1) genes for curly wings and genes for straight
wings are found on different chromosomes
(2) type of genes present in the fruit fly is
dependent on environmental temperature
(3) environment affects the expression of the
genes for this trait
(4) higher temperature produces a gene mutation
8 Some mammals have genes for fur color that produce pigment only when the outside temperature is above a certain level. This pigment production is an example of how the environment of an organism can
(1) destroy certain genes
(2) cause new mutations to occur
(3) stop the process of evolution
(4) influence the expression of certain genes
Wednesday, September 23, 2009
Homework # 7, Due 9/24/09
Homework Due 9/24/09
1- An organelle that releases energy for metabolic
activity in a nerve cell is the
(1) chloroplast (3) mitochondrion
(2) ribosome (4) vacuole
2- Scientists studying ocean organisms are discovering
new and unusual species. Which observation
could be used to determine that an ocean
organism carries out autotrophic nutrition?
(1) Chloroplasts are visible inside the cells.
(2) Digestive organs are visible upon dissection.
(3) The organism lives close to the surface.
(4) The organism synthesizes enzymes to digest
food.
3- Much of the carbon dioxide produced by green
plants is not excreted as a metabolic waste
because it
(1) can be used for photosynthesis
(2) is too large to pass through cell membranes
(3) is needed for cellular respiration
(4) can be used for the synthesis of proteins
4- An organelle that releases energy for metabolic
activity in a nerve cell is the
(1) chloroplast
(2) ribosome
(3) mitochondrion
(4) vacuole
6 A student notices that fruit flies with the curly-
5- Abiotic factors that characterize a forest eco-
system include
(1) light and biodiversity
(2) temperature and amount of available water
(3) types of producers and decomposers
(4) pH and number of heterotrophs
6- Researchers performing a well-designed experi-
ment should base their conclusions on
(1) the hypothesis of the experiment
(2) data from repeated trials of the experiment
(3) a small sample size to insure a reliable out-
come of the experiment
(4) results predicted before performing the
experiment
7- The largest amount of DNA in a plant cell is con-
tained in
(1) a nucleus
(2) a chromosome
(3) a protein molecule
(4) an enzyme molecule
8-The production of energy-rich ATP molecules is
the direct result of
(1) recycling light energy to be used in the
process of photosynthesis
(2) releasing the stored energy of organic com-
pounds by the process of respiration
(3) breaking down starch by the process of
digestion
(4) copying coded information during the
process of protein synthesis
9- What is it that plant cells make and animal cells cannot make? _______
10- List two raw materials that are needed by cell respiration.
11- In what organelles are enzymes manufactured? ________________________
12- Where do you find DNA inside the cell? ____________________________
13- ____________________________ controls what goes in and out of the cell.
14- _________________________ has digestive enzymes and break down things like viruses, bacteria, old organelles etc....
1- An organelle that releases energy for metabolic
activity in a nerve cell is the
(1) chloroplast (3) mitochondrion
(2) ribosome (4) vacuole
2- Scientists studying ocean organisms are discovering
new and unusual species. Which observation
could be used to determine that an ocean
organism carries out autotrophic nutrition?
(1) Chloroplasts are visible inside the cells.
(2) Digestive organs are visible upon dissection.
(3) The organism lives close to the surface.
(4) The organism synthesizes enzymes to digest
food.
3- Much of the carbon dioxide produced by green
plants is not excreted as a metabolic waste
because it
(1) can be used for photosynthesis
(2) is too large to pass through cell membranes
(3) is needed for cellular respiration
(4) can be used for the synthesis of proteins
4- An organelle that releases energy for metabolic
activity in a nerve cell is the
(1) chloroplast
(2) ribosome
(3) mitochondrion
(4) vacuole
6 A student notices that fruit flies with the curly-
5- Abiotic factors that characterize a forest eco-
system include
(1) light and biodiversity
(2) temperature and amount of available water
(3) types of producers and decomposers
(4) pH and number of heterotrophs
6- Researchers performing a well-designed experi-
ment should base their conclusions on
(1) the hypothesis of the experiment
(2) data from repeated trials of the experiment
(3) a small sample size to insure a reliable out-
come of the experiment
(4) results predicted before performing the
experiment
7- The largest amount of DNA in a plant cell is con-
tained in
(1) a nucleus
(2) a chromosome
(3) a protein molecule
(4) an enzyme molecule
8-The production of energy-rich ATP molecules is
the direct result of
(1) recycling light energy to be used in the
process of photosynthesis
(2) releasing the stored energy of organic com-
pounds by the process of respiration
(3) breaking down starch by the process of
digestion
(4) copying coded information during the
process of protein synthesis
9- What is it that plant cells make and animal cells cannot make? _______
10- List two raw materials that are needed by cell respiration.
11- In what organelles are enzymes manufactured? ________________________
12- Where do you find DNA inside the cell? ____________________________
13- ____________________________ controls what goes in and out of the cell.
14- _________________________ has digestive enzymes and break down things like viruses, bacteria, old organelles etc....
Monday, September 21, 2009
Homework # 6, Due 9/22/09
Homework # 6
Name __________________________________________________ Due 9/22/09
Direction: Rewrite in your own words the definition for each of the structures found inside the cell.
• Cell Wall - Like their prokaryotic ancestors, plant cells have a rigid wall surrounding the plasma membrane. It is a far more complex structure, however, and serves a variety of functions, from protecting the cell to regulating the life cycle of the plant organism.
• Chloroplasts - The most important characteristic of plants is their ability to photosynthesize, in effect, to make their own food by converting light energy into chemical energy. This process is carried out in specialized organelles called chloroplasts. Chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum - The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of sacs that manufactures, processes, and transports chemical compounds for use inside and outside of the cell. It is connected to the double-layered nuclear envelope, providing a pipeline between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. In plants, the endoplasmic reticulum also connects between cells via the plasmodesmata. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in manufacturing proteins and lipids.
• Golgi Apparatus - The Golgi apparatus is the distribution and shipping department for the cell's chemical products. It modifies proteins and fats built in the endoplasmic reticulum and prepares them for export as outside of the cell.
• Mitochondria - Mitochondria are oblong shaped organelles found in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells. In plant cells, they break down carbohydrate and sugar molecules to provide energy, particularly when light isn't available for the chloroplasts to produce energy. The mitochondria converts glucose into an energy charged molecule called ATP in a process called cell respiration.
• Nucleus - The nucleus is a highly specialized organelle that serves as the information processing and administrative center of the cell. This organelle has two major functions: it stores the cell's hereditary material, or DNA, and it coordinates the cell's activities, which include growth, intermediary metabolism, protein synthesis, and reproduction (cell division).
• Plasma Membrane - All living cells have a plasma membrane that encloses their contents. In prokaryotes and plants, the membrane is the inner layer of protection surrounded by a rigid cell wall. These membranes also regulate the passage of molecules in and out of the cells.
• Ribosomes - All living cells contain ribosomes, tiny organelles composed of approximately 60 percent RNA and 40 percent protein. In eukaryotes, ribosomes are made of four strands of RNA. In prokaryotes, they consist of three strands of RNA. These organelles are involved in protein synthesis.
• Vacuole - Each plant cell has a large, single vacuole that stores compounds, helps in plant growth, and plays an important structural role for the plant.
Name __________________________________________________ Due 9/22/09
Direction: Rewrite in your own words the definition for each of the structures found inside the cell.
• Cell Wall - Like their prokaryotic ancestors, plant cells have a rigid wall surrounding the plasma membrane. It is a far more complex structure, however, and serves a variety of functions, from protecting the cell to regulating the life cycle of the plant organism.
• Chloroplasts - The most important characteristic of plants is their ability to photosynthesize, in effect, to make their own food by converting light energy into chemical energy. This process is carried out in specialized organelles called chloroplasts. Chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis.
• Endoplasmic Reticulum - The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of sacs that manufactures, processes, and transports chemical compounds for use inside and outside of the cell. It is connected to the double-layered nuclear envelope, providing a pipeline between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. In plants, the endoplasmic reticulum also connects between cells via the plasmodesmata. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in manufacturing proteins and lipids.
• Golgi Apparatus - The Golgi apparatus is the distribution and shipping department for the cell's chemical products. It modifies proteins and fats built in the endoplasmic reticulum and prepares them for export as outside of the cell.
• Mitochondria - Mitochondria are oblong shaped organelles found in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells. In plant cells, they break down carbohydrate and sugar molecules to provide energy, particularly when light isn't available for the chloroplasts to produce energy. The mitochondria converts glucose into an energy charged molecule called ATP in a process called cell respiration.
• Nucleus - The nucleus is a highly specialized organelle that serves as the information processing and administrative center of the cell. This organelle has two major functions: it stores the cell's hereditary material, or DNA, and it coordinates the cell's activities, which include growth, intermediary metabolism, protein synthesis, and reproduction (cell division).
• Plasma Membrane - All living cells have a plasma membrane that encloses their contents. In prokaryotes and plants, the membrane is the inner layer of protection surrounded by a rigid cell wall. These membranes also regulate the passage of molecules in and out of the cells.
• Ribosomes - All living cells contain ribosomes, tiny organelles composed of approximately 60 percent RNA and 40 percent protein. In eukaryotes, ribosomes are made of four strands of RNA. In prokaryotes, they consist of three strands of RNA. These organelles are involved in protein synthesis.
• Vacuole - Each plant cell has a large, single vacuole that stores compounds, helps in plant growth, and plays an important structural role for the plant.
Thursday, September 17, 2009
Homework # 5, Due 9/18/09
55- The drugs usually used to treat high blood pressure do not affect blood vessels in the lungs. Bosentan is a new drug being studied as a treatment for high blood pressure in the lungs. In an experiment, patients treated with bosentan showed an improvement in the distance they could walk without fatigue within 12 weeks. Design an experiment to test the effectiveness of bosentan as a drug to treat high blood pressure in the lungs. In your answer be sure to:
• state the hypothesis your experiment will test [1]
• state how the control group will be treated differently from the experimental group
[1]
• state two factors that must be kept the same in both the experimental and control
groups [1]
• state the type of data that should be collected to determine if the hypothesis is supported
Base your answers to questions 46 through 50 on the information and data table below and on your knowledge of biology.
The effect of temperature on the action of pepsin, a protein-digesting enzyme present in stomach fluid, was tested. In this investigation, 20 milliliters of stomach fluid and 10 grams of protein were placed in each of five test tubes. The tubes were then kept at different temperatures. After 24 hours, the contents of each tube were tested to determine
the amount of protein that had been digested. The results are
46 -The dependent variable in this investigation is the
(1) size of the test tube
(2) time of digestion
(3) amount of stomach fluid
(4) amount of protein digested
Directions (47–48): Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid on page 15, following the directions below.
47- Mark an appropriate scale on each axis. [1]
48- Plot the data on the grid. Surround each point with a small circle and connect the points.
49- If a sixth test tube identical to the other tubes was kept at a temperature of 30°C for
24 hours, the amount of protein digested would most likely be
(1) less than 1.0 gram
(2) between 1.0 and 4.0 grams
(3) between 4.0 and 9.0 grams
(4) more than 9.0 grams
50 -This investigation was repeated using 10 grams of starch instead of protein in each test
tube. The contents of each tube were tested to determine the amount of starch that
had been digested. The test results showed that no starch digestion occurred. Explain
why no starch was digested. [1]
• state the hypothesis your experiment will test [1]
• state how the control group will be treated differently from the experimental group
[1]
• state two factors that must be kept the same in both the experimental and control
groups [1]
• state the type of data that should be collected to determine if the hypothesis is supported
Base your answers to questions 46 through 50 on the information and data table below and on your knowledge of biology.
The effect of temperature on the action of pepsin, a protein-digesting enzyme present in stomach fluid, was tested. In this investigation, 20 milliliters of stomach fluid and 10 grams of protein were placed in each of five test tubes. The tubes were then kept at different temperatures. After 24 hours, the contents of each tube were tested to determine
the amount of protein that had been digested. The results are
46 -The dependent variable in this investigation is the
(1) size of the test tube
(2) time of digestion
(3) amount of stomach fluid
(4) amount of protein digested
Directions (47–48): Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid on page 15, following the directions below.
47- Mark an appropriate scale on each axis. [1]
48- Plot the data on the grid. Surround each point with a small circle and connect the points.
49- If a sixth test tube identical to the other tubes was kept at a temperature of 30°C for24 hours, the amount of protein digested would most likely be
(1) less than 1.0 gram
(2) between 1.0 and 4.0 grams
(3) between 4.0 and 9.0 grams
(4) more than 9.0 grams
50 -This investigation was repeated using 10 grams of starch instead of protein in each test
tube. The contents of each tube were tested to determine the amount of starch that
had been digested. The test results showed that no starch digestion occurred. Explain
why no starch was digested. [1]
Wednesday, September 16, 2009
Homework # 4, Due 9/17/09
Homework #4
Name ____________________________________________ Due 9/17/09
Base your answers to questions 50 through 54 on the information below and on your
knowledge of biology.
In a test for diabetes, blood samples were taken from an individual
every 4 hours for 24 hours. The glucose concentrations were recorded
and are shown in the data table below.
Blood Glucose Level Over Time
| Time (h) | Blood Glucose Concentration (mg/dL) |
| 0 | 100 |
| 4 | 110 |
| 8 | 128 |
| 12 | 82 |
| 16 | 92 |
| 20 | 130 |
| 24 | 104 |
50 State one likely cause of the change in blood glucose concentration between hour 16
and hour 20. [1]
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Directions (51 and 52): Using the information given, construct a line graph on the grid
on the next page, following the directions below.
51 Mark an appropriate scale on the axis labeled “Blood Glucose Concentration (mg/dL).”
[1]
52 Plot the data from the data table. Surround each point with a small circle and connect
the points. [1]
Blood Glucose Concentration Over Time
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Time (h)
53 How might these results be different if this individual was not able to produce
sufficient levels of insulin?
(1) The level of blood glucose would be constant.
(2) The average level of blood glucose would be lower.
(3) The maximum level of blood glucose would be higher.
(4) The minimum level of blood glucose would be lower.
54 The chemical that is responsible for the decrease in blood glucose concentration is
released by
(1) muscle cells
(2) guard cells
(3) the ovaries
(4) the pancreas
55 Many plants can affect the growth of other plants near them. This can occur when one plant produces a chemical that affects another plant. Design an experiment to determine if a solution containing ground-up goldenrod plants has an effect on the growth of radish seedlings. In your experimental design be sure to:
• state a hypothesis to be tested [1]
• describe how the experimental group will be treated differently from the control
group [1]
• explain why the number of seedlings used for the experiment should be large [1]
• identify the type of data that will be collected [1]
• describe experimental results that would support your hypothesis [1]
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